Eau de toilette

Eau de toilette (French: [o d(ə) twalɛt], meaning "grooming water")[n 1] is a lightly scented perfume.[2] It is also referred to as aromatic waters and has a high alcohol content.[3] It is usually applied directly to the skin after bathing or shaving.[4] It is traditionally composed of alcohol and various volatile oils.[5] Traditionally these products were named after a principal ingredient, like geranium water, lavender water, lilac water, violet water, spirit of myrcia and "eau de Bretfeld".[6] Because of this, eau de toilette was sometimes referred to as "toilet water".[7]

In modern perfumery, eau de toilette has less concentrated fragrance than perfume (eau de parfum) and more than cologne (eau de Cologne).[8][9]

Eau de toilette is a dull concentration of fragrance than perfume.[10][11] The concentration of aromatic ingredients is typically as follows (ascending concentration):

• Splash and after shave: 1-3% aromatic compounds
• Eau de Cologne (EdC): Citrus type perfumes with about 2-6% perfume concentrate aromatic compounds[12]
• Eau de toilette (EdT): 5-15% (typical ~10%) aromatic compounds
• Eau de parfum (EdP), parfum de toilette (PdT): 10-20% (typical ~15%) aromatic compounds. Sometimes listed as "eau de perfume" or "millésime".
• Perfume extract: 15-40% (IFRA: typical 20%) aromatic compounds

Perfume oils are often diluted with a solvent, though this is not always the case, and its necessity is disputed. By far the most common solvent for perfume oil dilution is ethanol or a mixture of ethanol and water. Perfume has a mixture of about 10-20% perfume oils mixed with alcohol (acting as a diffusing agent delivering the fragrant odor) and a trace of water. Colognes have about 3-5% perfume oil mixed with 80-90% alcohol with about 5-15% water in the mix. Originally, eau de cologne was a mixture of citrus oils from such fruits as lemons, oranges, tangerines, limes, and grapefruits. These were combined with such substances as lavender and neroli (orange-flower oil). Eau de toilette has the least amount of perfume oil mixture among the three main liquid "perfumery" categories. It has only about 2-8% of some type of perfume oil and 60-80% alcohol dispersent with water making up the difference.[13][14] Eau de toilettes are a less concentrated form of these above types of alcohol-based perfumes.[15][16] Traditionally cologne is usually made of citrus oils and fragrances, while eau de toilettes are not limited to this specification.[17][18]

Hungarian eau de toilette, an alcohol based perfume that preceded eau de cologne, was first produced in the fourteenth century, supposedly by a Hungarian man for Queen Elisabeth of Hungary.[19][20] This was called "eau de la reine de hongrie" or Hungary Water, and contained the herb rosemary, which allowed the scent to evaporate slowly on the skin.[21][22] However, some early scientists, including Johann Beckmann, doubt that it was created for the Queen of Hungary.[citation needed]

The King of France Louis XIV (1638-1715) used a concoction of scents called "heavenly water" to perfume his shirts; It consisted of aloewood, musk, orange flower, rose water and other spices.[23]

Some eau de toilette were once considered restorative skin toners with medical benefits.[24][25][26] The journal Medical Record reported in 1905 that a toilet water spray restores energies lost in business, social, and domestic situations.[27][28] During the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries a type of eau de toilette called "plague waters" was supposed to drive away the bubonic plague.[29][30]

• Carmelite Water - a water of lemon balm, orange flower, angelica root, and spices prepared for Charles V of France, first made in 1379 by the nuns of a Carmelite abbey.[31][32][33][34]
• Carnation Toilet Water - floral extracts with tincture of vanilla.[35]
• Creole Toilet Water - orris root in brandy with floral oils.[36]
• Eau de lavand ambre - used by Spanish women in their hair and on the skin after bathing.[37]
• Florida Water - based on the nineteenth-century formula for a commercially prepared toilet water that mixes floral essential oils.[38]
• Geranium Toilet Water - with herbal oils, rosewater and alcohol[36]
• Heliotrope Toilet Water - heliotropine, with other oils, water and alcohol.[39]
• Honey water[14] - an old-time English toilet water.[40]
• Jasmine toilet water - made with spirits of cologne, jasmine, and alcohol.[41]
• Kananga Water - used for purification in revival ceremonies.[42]
• Lavender water[14][43] - a formula called "upper Ten" consists of lavender oil, alcohol, rose water, and carbonate of magnesia.[44]
• Nosegay - distilled honey water with cloves, lavender and neroli.[45]
• Oriental Toilet Water [46]
• Rose water toilet water - with other extracts and tincture of civet. Popular in the Middle East especially Egypt and called 'Maward'.[47]
• Viennese Cosmetic Toilet Water - bruised almonds, water of orange flower, rose water, borate of soda, spirit of benzoin. Dissolve.[36]
• White Rose Toilet Water - extract of white rose, oil of rose, oil of rose geranium, cologne spirits, and water.[44]
• Hugh C. Muldoonin submitted various toilet water formulas he called "Own-make Toilet Specialties" to the Bulletin Of Pharmacy in 1917.[48]

• Scented water

• Media related to Eau de toilette at Wikimedia Commons

• Beckmann, Johann, A History of Inventions and Discoveries: In Four Volumes 2, 1817
• Baker, William Henry, A dictionary of men's wear..., W. H. Baker, 1908
• Better Nutrition magazine, Nov 1999, Vol. 61, No. 11, ISSN 0405-668X, Published by Active Interest Media, Inc.
• Booth, Nancy M., Perfumes, splashes & colognes: discovering & crafting your personal fragrances, Storey Publishing, 1997, ISBN 0-88266-985-0
• Bulletin of pharmacy, Volume 36, E.G. Swift, 1922
• Beauty—its attainment and preservation, Butterick Pub. Co., Ltd., 1892
• Consumer reports, Volumes 25-26, Consumers Union of United States, 1960
• Cox, Nancy C., Perceptions of retailing in early modern England, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007, ISBN 0-7546-3771-9
• Cristiani, Richard S., Perfumery and kindred arts: A comprehensive treatise on perfumery, H. C. Baird, 1877
• Current opinion, Volume 32, The Current Literature Publishing Co., 1902
• Dewey, Willis Alonzo, Medical century, Volume 14, Medical Century Company., 1906
• Ebert, Albert Ethelbert, The Standard formulary, G.P. Engelhard & Co., 1897
• Fettner, Ann Tucker, Potpourri, incense, and other fragrant concoctions, Workman Pub. Co., 1977, ISBN 0-911104-97-6
• Fletcher, Ella Adelia, Woman Beautiful, Kessinger Publishing, 1998, ISBN 0-7661-0380-3
• Frank, Marc Henry, Eugenics and Sex Relations for Men and Women, Kessinger Publishing, 2005, ISBN 1-4179-8913-0
• Griffin, Judy, Flowers That Heal: Aromas, Herbs, Essences and Other Secrets of the Fairies, Cosimo, Inc., 2002, ISBN 1-931044-35-X
• Grolier, The New book of knowledge, Grolier, 1986, ISBN 0-7172-0517-7
• Groom, Nigel, The new perfume handbook, Springer, 1997, ISBN 0-7514-0403-9
• Halpern, Georges M., The Healing Trail: Essential Oils of Madagascar, Basic Health Publications, Inc., 2003, ISBN 1-59120-016-4
• Hiss, A. Emil, The new standard formulary:, G.P. Engelhard, 1910
• Keithler, William R., The formulation of cosmetics and cosmetic specialties, Drug and Cosmetic Industry, 1956
• Hopkins, Albert Allis, The Scientific American cyclopedia of formulas: partly based upon the 28th ed. of Scientific American cyclopedia of receipts, notes and queries, Munn & co., inc., 1910
• Lawless, Julia, The illustrated encyclopedia of essential oils: the complete guide to the use of oils in aromatherapy and herbalism, Barnes & Noble, 1995, ISBN 1-56619-990-5
• Lillard, Benjamin, Practical druggist and pharmaceutical review of reviews, Volume 40, Lillard & Co., 1922
• Martin, George R., The mentor-world traveler, Volume 10, George R. Martin, 1922
• Miller, William Tyler, Garden & home builder, volume 13, Doubleday, Page and Company, 1911
• Müller, Peter M., Perfumes: art, science, and technology, Springer, 1994, ISBN 0-7514-0157-9
• Sherrow, Victoria, For appearance' sake: the historical encyclopedia of good looks, beauty, and grooming, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001, ISBN 1-57356-204-1
• Stoddart, David Michael, The scented ape: the biology and culture of human odour, Cambridge University Press, 1990, ISBN 0-521-39561-5
• The National Druggist, Volume 42; H. R. Strong, 1912